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Most blockchain scalability efforts follow the same pattern: add more layers, more abstractions, more assumptions. Throughput improves on paper, but complexity increases everywhere else—developer experience, security surfaces, validator requirements, and long-term maintenance. Plasma takes a different route. Instead of stacking solutions on top of each other, $XPL focuses on reducing friction at the execution layer itself.
Plasma’s core idea is simple but disciplined: blockchains should scale by becoming more efficient at what they already do, not by outsourcing execution or fragmenting state. This design choice matters because real usage does not happen in isolated benchmarks. It happens under sustained load, with unpredictable demand, and with users who expect consistency rather than experimentation.
At the protocol level, Plasma is built to optimize execution without compromising decentralization. Rather than relying on aggressive hardware assumptions or centralized sequencing, Plasma focuses on clean execution paths, optimized data handling, and predictable performance. This allows the network to maintain speed without turning validators into specialized infrastructure providers.
One of Plasma’s key strengths is architectural restraint. Instead of chasing maximum theoretical throughput, $XPL prioritizes sustainable throughput—the level of performance that can be maintained over time without degrading network security or participation. This is a critical distinction that many high-performance chains overlook. Short-term speed gains often come at the cost of validator concentration or operational fragility. Plasma avoids this trade-off by design.
From a developer perspective, Plasma’s execution model reduces unnecessary overhead. Smart contracts interact with a system that is designed to minimize bottlenecks rather than work around them. This leads to faster confirmation times, more predictable execution costs, and fewer edge cases that arise from layered scaling approaches. Developers are not forced to think in terms of bridges, rollup boundaries, or fragmented liquidity. The chain behaves as a single coherent system.
Security is treated as a baseline requirement, not a feature to be reintroduced later. Plasma does not rely on optimistic assumptions that must be challenged after execution. Instead, it maintains security guarantees at the core layer, ensuring that speed does not come from deferred verification or social recovery mechanisms. This makes the network more suitable for applications that require reliability rather than speculative velocity.
Another important aspect of Plasma is network efficiency under real-world conditions. Many chains perform well in controlled environments but degrade under sustained usage. Plasma is engineered to handle continuous demand without dramatic fee spikes or execution slowdowns. This stability is essential for applications that need consistent user experience rather than bursts of performance followed by congestion.
$XPL ’s positioning is also notable for what it does not emphasize. Plasma is not built around narrative-driven features or temporary incentives. Its value proposition is infrastructure-first: predictable execution, scalable performance, and long-term operability. This makes it particularly relevant for builders who care about deploying applications that need to function reliably over years, not weeks.
Importantly, Plasma’s approach keeps the network accessible. Validator participation is not restricted to highly specialized operators with enterprise-grade setups. By avoiding extreme hardware demands, Plasma preserves decentralization while still delivering meaningful performance improvements. This balance is difficult to achieve and easy to lose when scalability becomes the sole metric.
In the broader context, Plasma represents a maturation of blockchain engineering priorities. Instead of asking how fast a chain can go in ideal conditions, it asks how well a chain can operate in real ones. Instead of optimizing for attention, it optimizes for usage. That shift is subtle, but it is where sustainable networks are built.
XPL is not trying to redefine what a blockchain is. It is refining how one should work. By removing friction at the execution layer rather than masking it with complexity, Plasma offers a cleaner path to scale—one that does not compromise decentralization, security, or long-term viability.
In an ecosystem crowded with experimental scaling models, Plasma’s discipline stands out. It is infrastructure designed to last, not architecture designed to impress. And for blockchains aiming to support real activity at scale, that distinction matters more than any headline metric.

$XPL #Plasma @Plasma

Most blockchains still treat payments as a secondary use case. They start as general-purpose networks and later attempt to optimize for finance by adding faster blocks, cheaper fees, or new execution layers. Plasma XPL takes the opposite route. It begins with the assumption that stablecoins are already the dominant medium of exchange in crypto and that future financial infrastructure will be built around them, not around volatile native assets.

At its core, Plasma XPL is a Layer 1 blockchain engineered specifically for stablecoin settlement. This focus shapes every architectural decision. Instead of asking users to think in terms of gas tokens and fluctuating fees, Plasma designs the chain around stablecoin-denominated activity. Gasless USDT transfers and stablecoin-first fee mechanics are not cosmetic features; they remove friction that has quietly limited real adoption across emerging and high-usage markets.

Compatibility matters as much as specialization. Plasma does not isolate itself from the existing Ethereum ecosystem. Full EVM compatibility allows developers to deploy familiar contracts and tooling without rewriting financial logic from scratch. This matters for payment providers, fintech platforms, and on-chain financial products that already rely on battle-tested Ethereum standards but cannot tolerate slow finality or unpredictable transaction costs.

Finality is another critical differentiator. Plasma’s sub-second confirmation model is designed for environments where payments must feel immediate. Retail payments, remittances, and institutional settlement flows cannot wait multiple block confirmations without introducing counterparty risk or user frustration. PlasmaBFT aims to close that gap by offering fast, deterministic settlement while preserving a clear security model.

Security itself is approached from a neutrality-first perspective. By anchoring security to Bitcoin, Plasma attempts to reduce reliance on subjective governance or politically exposed validator sets. The objective is not maximal throughput at any cost, but credible censorship resistance and long-term trust. For financial infrastructure, especially in jurisdictions where access and neutrality matter, this distinction is essential.

The intended user base reflects these priorities. Plasma is not positioning itself as a playground for speculative DeFi experiments. Its design targets retail users in high-adoption regions, payment processors, and financial institutions that need reliable, compliant, and predictable settlement rails. Stablecoins already move billions of dollars daily in these contexts. Plasma’s thesis is that the underlying infrastructure should finally be built around that reality.

In practical terms, Plasma XPL represents a shift in how Layer 1 blockchains define success. Instead of measuring value by total applications or narrative momentum, it focuses on settlement efficiency, cost clarity, and institutional usability. If stablecoins are the backbone of on-chain finance, then a stablecoin-native Layer 1 is not a niche idea; it is an overdue one.
$XPL #plasma @Plasma

Decentralized systems rarely fail all at once. They degrade quietly, often in ways that are not visible during early growth. Blocks continue to be produced, transactions continue to execute, and applications appear functional. The failure emerges later, when historical data becomes inaccessible, storage assumptions centralize, or verification depends on actors that were never meant to be trusted. Walrus Protocol is built around a clear understanding of this pattern and addresses it at the infrastructure level rather than the application layer.

At the heart of the issue is a misconception that data availability is a solved problem. In practice, many networks rely on implicit guarantees: that nodes will continue storing data, that archives will remain accessible, or that external services will fill the gaps. These assumptions hold until incentives shift or costs rise. When they break, decentralization becomes theoretical rather than operational. Walrus treats data availability not as an assumption, but as a property that must be continuously proven.

Verifiability is the defining element here. It is not enough for data to exist somewhere in the network. Participants must be able to verify, independently and cryptographically, that the data they rely on is available and intact. Walrus is engineered to provide these guarantees without concentrating trust in a small group of storage providers. This design choice directly addresses one of the most persistent weaknesses in decentralized architectures: silent recentralization at the data layer.

The distinction becomes clearer when examining how modern applications operate. Rollups, modular blockchains, and data-intensive protocols generate large volumes of data that are essential for verification but expensive to store indefinitely on execution layers. Without a dedicated data availability solution, networks are forced into trade-offs that compromise either decentralization or security. Walrus eliminates this trade-off by externalizing data availability while preserving cryptographic assurance.

This externalization is not equivalent to outsourcing. Walrus does not ask execution layers to trust an opaque storage system. Instead, it provides a framework where data availability can be checked and enforced through proofs. Nodes and applications can validate that required data is retrievable without downloading everything themselves. This reduces resource requirements while maintaining the integrity of verification processes.

There is also a temporal dimension to this problem. Data availability is not only about immediate access; it is about long-term reliability. Many systems perform well under live conditions but struggle to maintain historical accessibility. When old data becomes difficult to retrieve, audits become impractical, disputes become harder to resolve, and trust erodes. Walrus explicitly designs for durability, ensuring that data remains verifiable over extended time horizons.

From an ecosystem perspective, this approach changes how developers think about infrastructure. Instead of designing applications around fragile storage assumptions, they can rely on a data layer that is purpose-built for persistence and verification. This encourages more ambitious use cases, particularly those involving large datasets or complex state transitions. The result is not just scalability, but confidence in scalability.

Another critical implication is neutrality. When data availability depends on a small number of actors, those actors gain disproportionate influence over the network. Pricing, access, and retention policies become points of control. Walrus mitigates this risk by decentralizing storage responsibility and embedding verification into the protocol. Control over data availability is distributed, reducing systemic fragility.

Importantly, Walrus does not attempt to redefine blockchain execution or governance. Its role is deliberately narrow and infrastructural. This restraint is strategic. Data layers must prioritize stability over experimentation. Walrus reflects this by focusing on correctness, verifiability, and long-term reliability rather than rapid iteration or feature expansion.

As decentralized systems mature, the quality of their data infrastructure will increasingly determine their viability. Execution speed can be optimized incrementally, but data failures are catastrophic and difficult to recover from. Walrus addresses this asymmetry by making data availability a verifiable, protocol-level guarantee rather than a best-effort service.

In doing so, Walrus reframes a foundational assumption of decentralized systems. It asserts that decentralization is not defined by how fast a network runs, but by whether its data remains accessible, verifiable, and neutral over time. This perspective is less visible than performance metrics, but it is far more consequential for systems intended to last.
$WAL #walrus @WalrusProtocol

Most conversations about blockchain scalability begin and end with execution. Faster consensus, parallel processing, higher throughput. Yet as networks mature and applications grow beyond experimentation, a different constraint emerges—data. Blocks can be produced quickly, smart contracts can execute efficiently, but if the underlying data cannot be stored, retrieved, and verified reliably over time, the system degrades. This is the precise problem space Walrus Protocol is designed to address.

Walrus starts from a sober observation: execution is transient, data is permanent. Once a transaction is finalized, the long-term value of a blockchain depends on whether its data remains available and verifiable years later. Many systems implicitly outsource this responsibility to off-chain actors, archival nodes, or centralized storage providers. That shortcut works at small scale, but it introduces hidden trust assumptions that surface only when networks are stressed, reorganized, or challenged.

The architectural choice Walrus makes is to treat data availability as independent infrastructure rather than a side effect of consensus. By decoupling computation from storage, Walrus allows blockchains and applications to scale execution without overloading nodes with unsustainable data burdens. This separation is not cosmetic; it is structural. It acknowledges that forcing every participant to store everything forever is neither decentralized nor practical.

A critical aspect of Walrus is verifiability. Storing data is trivial; proving that data is available and unaltered is not. Walrus is engineered around cryptographic guarantees that allow participants to verify data availability without trusting a single storage provider. This transforms data from something assumed to exist into something provably persistent. For applications operating in production environments, that distinction is existential.

The implications become clear when considering real-world workloads. Rollups, data-heavy decentralized applications, and on-chain coordination systems generate volumes of data that exceed what monolithic blockchains were designed to handle. Without a specialized data layer, these systems either centralize storage or accept degradation over time. Walrus provides an alternative path, where scalability does not require sacrificing decentralization or auditability.

Another often-missed dimension is long-term state access. Blockchains are not just real-time systems; they are historical ledgers. If historical data becomes inaccessible or prohibitively expensive to retrieve, the network loses its credibility as a source of truth. Walrus addresses this by designing for durability from the outset. Data is not optimized away once it is old; it remains part of a verifiable storage system that applications and validators can rely on.

Importantly, Walrus does not attempt to replace blockchains or impose new execution models. It integrates as infrastructure, complementing existing networks rather than competing with them. This positioning reflects a clear understanding of how systems evolve in practice. Execution layers innovate quickly; data layers must be stable, conservative, and predictable. Walrus optimizes for the latter.

There is also a governance implication embedded in this design. When data availability is controlled by a small subset of actors, power accumulates silently. Decisions about pruning, access, and pricing shape who can participate and who cannot. By decentralizing data availability, Walrus distributes that power more evenly across the network, reinforcing the original trust assumptions blockchains were meant to uphold.

As the industry moves from prototypes to infrastructure, the narrative around scalability is shifting. Speed alone is no longer persuasive. Reliability, persistence, and verifiability are becoming the metrics that matter. Walrus aligns with this shift by focusing on what breaks systems at scale, not what demos well in benchmarks.

In this context, Walrus Protocol is less about innovation and more about correction. It addresses a structural imbalance that emerged as blockchains prioritized execution over storage. By reframing data as first-class infrastructure, Walrus contributes to a more realistic foundation for decentralized systems—one where growth does not erode integrity.
$WAL #walrus @WalrusProtocol

Most conversations about blockchain scalability begin and end with execution. Faster consensus, parallel processing, higher throughput. Yet as networks mature and applications grow beyond experimentation, a different constraint emerges—data. Blocks can be produced quickly, smart contracts can execute efficiently, but if the underlying data cannot be stored, retrieved, and verified reliably over time, the system degrades. This is the precise problem space Walrus Protocol is designed to address.

Walrus starts from a sober observation: execution is transient, data is permanent. Once a transaction is finalized, the long-term value of a blockchain depends on whether its data remains available and verifiable years later. Many systems implicitly outsource this responsibility to off-chain actors, archival nodes, or centralized storage providers. That shortcut works at small scale, but it introduces hidden trust assumptions that surface only when networks are stressed, reorganized, or challenged.

The architectural choice Walrus makes is to treat data availability as independent infrastructure rather than a side effect of consensus. By decoupling computation from storage, Walrus allows blockchains and applications to scale execution without overloading nodes with unsustainable data burdens. This separation is not cosmetic; it is structural. It acknowledges that forcing every participant to store everything forever is neither decentralized nor practical.

A critical aspect of Walrus is verifiability. Storing data is trivial; proving that data is available and unaltered is not. Walrus is engineered around cryptographic guarantees that allow participants to verify data availability without trusting a single storage provider. This transforms data from something assumed to exist into something provably persistent. For applications operating in production environments, that distinction is existential.

The implications become clear when considering real-world workloads. Rollups, data-heavy decentralized applications, and on-chain coordination systems generate volumes of data that exceed what monolithic blockchains were designed to handle. Without a specialized data layer, these systems either centralize storage or accept degradation over time. Walrus provides an alternative path, where scalability does not require sacrificing decentralization or auditability.

Another often-missed dimension is long-term state access. Blockchains are not just real-time systems; they are historical ledgers. If historical data becomes inaccessible or prohibitively expensive to retrieve, the network loses its credibility as a source of truth. Walrus addresses this by designing for durability fro7m the outset. Data is not optimized away once it is old; it remains part of a verifiable storage system that applications and validators can rely on.

Importantly, Walrus does not attempt to replace blockchains or impose new execution models. It integrates as infrastructure, complementing existing networks rather than competing with them. This positioning reflects a clear understanding of how systems evolve in practice. Execution layers innovate quickly; data layers must be stable, conservative, and predictable. Walrus optimizes for the latter.

There is also a governance implication embedded in this design. When data availability is controlled by a small subset of actors, power accumulates silently. Decisions about pruning, access, and pricing shape who can participate and who cannot. By decentralizing data availability, Walrus distributes that power more evenly across the network, reinforcing the original trust assumptions blockchains were meant to uphold.

As the industry moves from prototypes to infrastructure, the narrative around scalability is shifting. Speed alone is no longer persuasive. Reliability, persistence, and verifiability are becoming the metrics that matter. Walrus aligns with this shift by focusing on what breaks systems at scale, not what demos well in benchmarks.

In this context, Walrus Protocol is less about innovation and more about correction. It addresses a structural imbalance that emerged as blockchains prioritized execution over storage. By reframing data as first-class infrastructure, Walrus contributes to a more realistic foundation for decentralized systems—one where growth does not erode integrity.

$WAL #walrus @WalrusProtocol

Tokenization is often presented as the finish line for blockchain adoption in finance, but in reality it is only the entry point. Creating a digital representation of an asset does not solve the harder problems that exist underneath issuance: settlement finality, counterparty risk, regulatory oversight, and data confidentiality. This is where Dusk Foundation distinguishes itself by focusing not on token creation, but on rebuilding the rails that capital markets actually depend on.

Traditional financial markets operate on layered infrastructure. Trading, clearing, and settlement are separated for risk management reasons, but this separation introduces delays, reconciliation costs, and operational fragility. Blockchain promised atomic settlement, yet most public chains cannot deliver it for regulated assets because full transparency breaks market mechanics. Dusk approaches this challenge by designing an environment where settlement can occur on-chain without exposing sensitive transactional data.

At the core of this approach is confidential settlement. On Dusk, ownership transfers and state changes can be finalized with cryptographic certainty while keeping participant identities, positions, and transaction details protected. This matters because settlement is where risk concentrates. If confidentiality fails at this stage, institutions revert to off-chain processes. Dusk removes that fallback by making privacy a structural property of finality itself.

This design has direct implications for counterparty risk. In legacy systems, exposure accumulates during settlement windows that can last days. By enabling near-instant, confidential settlement, Dusk compresses this risk window without forcing market participants to reveal proprietary information. The result is not just faster settlement, but safer settlement, aligned with how institutional risk frameworks actually operate.

Another overlooked dimension is regulatory supervision at the settlement layer. Regulators care less about how trades are matched and more about whether transfers are lawful, final, and auditable. Dusk’s architecture allows settlement events to be provably compliant without being publicly visible. Regulators can verify that rules were enforced, limits were respected, and disclosures were satisfied, all without accessing unnecessary market data. This sharply reduces compliance friction while preserving oversight integrity.

What makes this particularly relevant is the increasing pressure on financial infrastructure to modernize. Legacy settlement systems are expensive to maintain and slow to adapt, yet they persist because replacements rarely meet regulatory and confidentiality requirements. Dusk positions blockchain not as a replacement ideology, but as an infrastructure upgrade. It preserves the logic of capital markets while improving their mechanics.

Importantly, this is not about abstract decentralization metrics. It is about operational realism. Dusk does not assume that institutions will change how they manage risk, disclosure, or governance. Instead, it embeds those constraints into the protocol. This is why its focus on settlement is more significant than its focus on tokenization. Assets only become meaningful when they can move reliably, legally, and privately.

As more financial instruments explore on-chain settlement, the limitations of transparent ledgers become unavoidable. Systems that cannot handle confidentiality at the settlement layer will remain peripheral. Dusk’s strategy acknowledges this reality and builds accordingly. It treats settlement not as a technical afterthought, but as the defining function of financial infrastructure.

In the broader context, Dusk is not trying to reinvent markets; it is trying to make them operational on-chain without compromising their foundations. By aligning privacy, finality, and compliance at the settlement level, Dusk moves blockchain finance from experimentation toward deployment. This is where tokenization stops being a concept and starts becoming a system.
$DUSK #dusk @Dusk_Foundation

Financial systems are built on trust, but trust in markets has never meant full transparency. It has always meant controlled visibility. Positions are private, counterparties are protected, and sensitive data is shared only with the parties that are legally entitled to see it. This reality is often ignored in blockchain design, where transparency is treated as an absolute virtue. Dusk Foundation takes a fundamentally different position: privacy is not something to be layered on later, it is part of the base infrastructure required for finance to function.

What Dusk recognizes is that public blockchains unintentionally change the risk profile of financial activity. When transactions, balances, and contract states are exposed by default, participants face information leakage that would never be tolerated in traditional markets. Front-running, strategic inference, and exposure of investor behavior are not edge cases; they are structural flaws. Dusk addresses this not by hiding the system, but by redefining what needs to be visible and to whom.

At the protocol level, Dusk enables confidential execution through zero-knowledge proofs, allowing transactions and smart contracts to be validated without revealing underlying data. This shifts the role of privacy from a user choice to a system guarantee. Financial actors do not need to manually protect themselves through complex off-chain arrangements or trusted custodians. The network itself enforces confidentiality as part of transaction validity.

This design becomes especially important when dealing with regulated instruments. Securities issuance, secondary trading, and settlement all require strict adherence to legal frameworks, yet none of these processes can operate on a fully transparent ledger. Dusk introduces selective disclosure as a core primitive. Data can be cryptographically proven to regulators, auditors, or authorized entities without being broadcast to the public. Compliance is no longer a reporting exercise; it is embedded directly into transaction logic.

The practical impact of this approach is often underestimated. By removing public exposure, Dusk lowers the barrier for institutions to engage with on-chain markets. Legal teams are not asked to accept radical changes in data visibility. Risk departments are not forced to justify why proprietary information should be public. Instead, blockchain becomes a backend settlement layer that respects existing financial norms while improving efficiency and verifiability.

Another critical aspect is how this model changes trust assumptions. In traditional finance, confidentiality relies heavily on intermediaries. Banks, custodians, and clearing houses act as trusted parties simply because someone has to control access to sensitive data. Dusk reduces this dependency by replacing procedural trust with cryptographic guarantees. The system does not rely on discretion; it relies on mathematics.

Importantly, this does not weaken transparency where it actually matters. The network remains auditable. Rules remain enforceable. What changes is that transparency is contextual rather than absolute. This aligns far more closely with how financial regulation operates in practice. Regulators do not need public exposure; they need reliable access. Dusk provides that access without compromising the privacy of market participants.

As tokenization moves from experimentation to deployment, these distinctions become decisive. Infrastructure that cannot support confidentiality at scale will remain confined to niche use cases. Dusk’s architecture anticipates this shift by treating privacy as a prerequisite, not a concession. It builds for a world where on-chain finance is expected to meet the same standards as off-chain markets, not redefine them.

In the long run, the success of financial blockchains will not be measured by how transparent they are, but by how well they integrate into existing economic systems. Dusk’s approach suggests that the future of on-chain finance will be quieter, more disciplined, and far more precise. Privacy, in this context, is not about secrecy. It is about making financial systems usable.

$DUSK #dusk @Dusk_Foundation

The conversation around blockchain and finance has matured past speculation, but one structural weakness still remains unresolved: public transparency is incompatible with real financial activity. Markets do not operate in full daylight. Balance sheets, investor positions, deal structures, and regulatory data are confidential by necessity. This is where Dusk Foundation positions itself differently—not as a faster chain or a louder ecosystem, but as financial infrastructure designed with privacy as a non-negotiable requirement.

Dusk starts from a premise most networks avoid admitting: institutions cannot move meaningful capital on-chain if every transaction exposes sensitive information. Instead of forcing finance to adapt to public ledgers, Dusk adapts blockchain architecture to the realities of capital markets. Zero-knowledge cryptography is not treated as an add-on or a marketing term; it is embedded directly into how smart contracts execute, how assets are issued, and how compliance is enforced. This is a critical distinction because financial trust is not built on transparency alone, but on controlled disclosure.

One of the most overlooked failures of early tokenization efforts is the assumption that digitizing assets automatically makes markets efficient. In practice, tokenized securities without confidentiality simply recreate off-chain processes with added risk. Issuers cannot expose shareholder registries publicly. Investors cannot reveal positions in real time. Regulators cannot rely on data that is either fully hidden or fully exposed. Dusk’s approach resolves this contradiction by enabling selective disclosure—verifiable compliance without public leakage of private data.

This architectural choice directly impacts how real-world assets can exist on-chain. On Dusk, a security can be issued, transferred, and settled while maintaining confidentiality for participants, yet still remain auditable under predefined rules. Compliance is enforced cryptographically rather than procedurally. This reduces friction, lowers operational risk, and removes the need for trusted intermediaries whose only role is to safeguard sensitive information. The result is not just efficiency, but structural resilience.

Another important aspect of Dusk’s design philosophy is that privacy does not mean opacity. Transactions remain provable. States remain verifiable. What changes is who gets to see what. This distinction is essential for regulators, who require oversight without demanding public exposure, and for institutions, who require confidentiality without sacrificing integrity. Dusk effectively reframes privacy as a compliance tool rather than a regulatory obstacle.

What makes this direction particularly relevant now is the growing institutional demand for on-chain settlement without public exposure. As traditional finance experiments with blockchain rails, the limitations of transparent ledgers become increasingly clear. Dusk does not attempt to retrofit privacy onto systems that were never designed for it. Instead, it builds a foundation where privacy, programmability, and regulation coexist from the start.

In this sense, Dusk is less about disrupting finance and more about making it operational on-chain. It acknowledges that financial systems evolve through constraints, not ideology. By aligning cryptography with regulatory reality, Dusk positions itself as infrastructure capable of supporting capital markets at scale. This is not a narrative about decentralization as an end goal, but about precision engineering for financial use cases that actually matter.

Privacy in finance is not a philosophical debate; it is a functional requirement. Dusk’s work demonstrates that when privacy is treated as core infrastructure rather than an optional feature, blockchain stops being an experiment and starts becoming usable. This is where the future of regulated on-chain finance quietly takes shape—not in hype cycles, but in systems designed to endure.

$DUSK #dusk @Dusk_Foundation