CryptoQuill_5

Коли поширення блокчейну виходить за межі простого переказу коштів, обмеження існуючої інфраструктури даних стають все більш помітними. Більшість децентралізованих застосувань все ще залежать від централізованих хмарних провайдерів для зберігання даних, що створює структурний протиріччя між децентралізованим виконанням і централізованою доступністю даних. Ця залежність створює ризики, пов'язані з цензурою, точками відмови, непрозорими моделями ціноутворення та юрисдикційним контролем. Одночасно традиційні децентралізовані мережі зберігання часто страждають від обмежень продуктивності, неефективних механізмів доступності даних та обмеженої інтеграції з сучасними платформами смарт-контрактів. У цьому контексті Walrus виникає як спроба вирішити проблеми неефективності шару зберігання, які продовжують обмежувати масштабованість та автономію децентралізованих систем.

Public blockchains have proven their ability to move value without intermediaries, but their transparency creates a structural tension with real world finance. Regulated financial activity requires confidentiality for positions, counterparties, and client data, while also demanding auditability, compliance, and legal clarity. Most blockchain networks prioritize openness and composability, leaving institutions to choose between privacy and verifiability. This gap has limited the adoption of decentralized infrastructure for securities, funds, and other regulated instruments. Dusk Network emerged to address this unresolved conflict by designing a blockchain where privacy and regulation are not treated as opposing goals, but as complementary requirements.
The Industry Problem Dusk Seeks to Address

Traditional finance relies on controlled disclosure. Regulators must be able to verify transactions, while market participants require confidentiality to operate competitively. On public blockchains, every transaction is visible by default, exposing sensitive financial information and making compliance difficult. Attempts to add privacy at the application layer often result in fragmented solutions that are hard to audit or integrate with regulatory frameworks. This has slowed the migration of real world financial instruments onto decentralized systems. The core inefficiency lies in the lack of infrastructure that supports privacy preserving transactions while still enabling accountability and oversight. Dusk positions itself as a base layer designed specifically to resolve this structural mismatch.
What Dusk Network Is and Its Core Purpose

Founded in 2018, Dusk is a layer 1 blockchain built to support regulated and privacy focused financial applications. Its primary objective is to provide a settlement layer where institutions can issue, trade, and manage digital assets without exposing sensitive information to the public. Rather than targeting general purpose decentralized applications, Dusk focuses on financial use cases such as tokenized securities, compliant decentralized finance, and programmable assets that mirror real world legal structures. The network is designed to enable selective disclosure, allowing authorized parties to verify transactions while preserving confidentiality for all other observers.
How the Protocol Functions at a High Level

Dusk combines zero knowledge cryptography with a consensus mechanism tailored for financial settlement. Transactions can remain private while still being provably valid, ensuring that balances, ownership, and rules are enforced without public exposure. The network architecture is modular, allowing different components such as execution, privacy logic, and compliance tooling to evolve without disrupting the entire system. Smart contracts on Dusk are designed with financial logic in mind, supporting constraints that reflect regulatory requirements. Validators secure the network and process transactions, while cryptographic proofs ensure correctness and auditability. This approach enables a blockchain environment where privacy does not come at the cost of trust or verifiability.
The Functional Role of the DUSK Token

The DUSK token is the native asset that underpins the economic and security model of the network. It is used to pay transaction fees, compensating validators for processing private and compliant transactions. DUSK also plays a role in network security through staking, where participants lock tokens to help secure consensus and align incentives. Beyond infrastructure functions, the token is used within governance mechanisms that allow stakeholders to participate in protocol level decisions. Rather than serving as a speculative instrument, DUSK is designed to support the ongoing operation, security, and coordination of the network.
Practical and Realistic Use Cases

One of the most relevant use cases for Dusk is the issuance and lifecycle management of tokenized securities. Companies can represent shares or debt instruments on chain while maintaining confidentiality around ownership and transfers. Another use case lies in compliant decentralized finance, where lending, settlement, and trading can occur without exposing sensitive positions to the public. Asset managers may use Dusk to create private funds with transparent rules but restricted visibility. The network can also support identity aware financial products, where participants prove eligibility without revealing personal data. These use cases reflect existing financial workflows rather than experimental consumer applications.
Limitations Risks and Open Challenges

Despite its focused design, Dusk faces several challenges. Privacy preserving systems are inherently complex, increasing the difficulty of development, auditing, and maintenance. Regulatory clarity around on chain securities varies across jurisdictions, which may slow adoption even with suitable infrastructure. Network effects also matter, and specialized blockchains must attract developers, institutions, and liquidity to remain relevant. There is also the ongoing challenge of balancing privacy with sufficient transparency to satisfy regulators without reintroducing information leakage. These limitations highlight that infrastructure alone cannot solve all adoption barriers.
Relevance Within the Broader Blockchain Landscape

Within the wider blockchain ecosystem, Dusk occupies a specialized but important niche. While many networks aim to be general purpose platforms, Dusk focuses on a clearly defined problem set around regulated finance. This positions it alongside other privacy oriented and institution focused projects, but with a distinct emphasis on compliance by design. As tokenization and on chain finance mature, infrastructure that supports real world constraints is likely to become more relevant. Dusk contributes to this evolution by demonstrating that decentralized systems can be tailored for professional financial use rather than purely open experimentation.
Conclusion

Dusk Network represents a deliberate attempt to align blockchain technology with the realities of regulated finance. By integrating privacy, auditability, and financial logic at the base layer, it addresses a structural gap that has limited institutional adoption. The DUSK token plays a functional role in securing and operating this environment rather than serving as a narrative driven asset. While challenges remain in adoption, regulation, and ecosystem growth, Dusk offers a clear example of how blockchain design can move beyond transparency as a default and toward infrastructure suited for real world financial systems.
@Dusk $DUSK #Dusk

In the early days of blockchain technology, the promise of decentralization was accompanied by a seductive simplicity: a world where transactions were transparent, verifiable, and accessible to anyone with an internet connection. Yet, as the technology matured, a stark tension emerged between transparency and the real-world demands of finance. For institutional actors, financial regulators, and businesses navigating complex compliance landscapes, the open ledger model that underpinned early blockchain networks often proved problematic. The very transparency that empowered peer-to-peer exchange threatened the confidentiality, security, and regulatory compliance that sophisticated financial systems require. This tension between openness and privacy is not a theoretical concern; it manifests daily in the friction between innovation and regulation, leaving enterprises and investors struggling to harness blockchain without compromising sensitive financial data. It is in this context that Dusk emerged in 2018, not merely as another layer 1 blockchain, but as an attempt to reconcile these competing imperatives through technology that prioritizes privacy, auditability, and regulatory compliance by design.
The financial industry is inherently risk-averse, governed by a lattice of regulations designed to protect consumers, ensure market integrity, and prevent illicit activities. Traditional banking and capital markets have evolved over decades to balance transparency for regulators with confidentiality for clients, often through opaque but well-established processes. Blockchain promised to upend this paradigm, offering decentralized verification and trustless transaction settlement, yet it initially struggled to accommodate the nuanced needs of regulated financial actors. Public blockchains, where every transaction is visible to anyone, created a paradox: while they provide undeniable security through immutability and consensus mechanisms, they expose transactional data in ways that can breach privacy and regulatory requirements. Without sophisticated privacy controls, institutions cannot fully leverage blockchain for applications like digital securities, tokenized assets, or confidential DeFi protocols. Dusk confronts this paradox directly, proposing a model where privacy is not an afterthought or a patchwork solution, but a foundational principle integrated at every layer of its architecture.
At its core, Dusk is built on a modular architecture designed to separate and optimize the various components of a financial blockchain ecosystem. Unlike monolithic blockchains that attempt to combine consensus, smart contracts, privacy, and compliance within a single undifferentiated layer, Dusk modularizes these functions. This separation allows for specialization and scalability while maintaining the coherence of the network. Consensus mechanisms, transaction validation, and privacy protocols can evolve independently, without compromising the integrity or efficiency of the overall system. For developers and institutions, this approach provides flexibility to implement financial applications that are both compliant and privacy-preserving, without reinventing the foundational blockchain infrastructure. The design philosophy emphasizes that privacy does not need to come at the cost of auditability; rather, privacy-enhancing technologies can coexist with robust regulatory oversight, enabling trust both among counterparties and within institutional frameworks.
A defining feature of Dusk’s design is its emphasis on confidential smart contracts. Traditional public blockchains expose the logic and state of smart contracts to all participants, creating transparency that is often unsuitable for financial applications. In contrast, Dusk enables smart contracts that execute confidentially, revealing only the minimum necessary information to participants while keeping sensitive data shielded from external parties. This capability transforms how institutions can approach decentralized finance, digital asset issuance, and cross-border financial transactions. For example, a regulated investment fund could tokenize a portfolio of securities on Dusk, allowing fractional ownership and automated settlement, without disclosing proprietary trading strategies or investor identities to competitors or the public. By enabling privacy-preserving automation, Dusk unlocks a new layer of efficiency for complex financial operations while maintaining legal and regulatory compliance.
Dusk also addresses the challenge of real-world asset tokenization, a sector where blockchain has often struggled to bridge digital innovation with tangible assets. Tokenizing real-world assets such as real estate, commodities, or equities requires not only secure digital representation but also adherence to existing legal frameworks governing ownership and transfer. Dusk’s privacy-focused framework allows institutions to create verifiable digital tokens that reflect legal rights and obligations without exposing sensitive ownership data publicly. The network’s auditability features ensure that regulators can trace transactions and verify compliance when necessary, even as the details remain confidential to other participants. This dual capability—simultaneous privacy for users and transparency for regulators—positions Dusk uniquely in the evolving landscape of tokenized finance, where trust and confidentiality are equally essential.
Beyond technical capabilities, Dusk exemplifies a broader philosophical shift in blockchain design: the recognition that privacy and regulation are not adversaries but complementary components of a sustainable financial ecosystem. Early blockchain narratives often framed transparency as the ultimate virtue and privacy as a fringe concern. In reality, privacy is foundational to trust. Institutions will not adopt technology that exposes their clients or internal strategies to public scrutiny, and regulators will not endorse networks that obscure critical oversight information. Dusk operationalizes this principle by embedding privacy as a native feature rather than an optional layer. This approach reduces operational risk, ensures legal compatibility, and fosters institutional confidence—conditions necessary for the widespread adoption of blockchain in mainstream finance.
The network also demonstrates an awareness of the social and economic imperatives surrounding financial privacy. Data breaches, corporate espionage, and illicit access to sensitive financial information are growing threats in the digital era. By enabling confidential transactions and selective disclosure, Dusk mitigates the risks associated with information leakage while still supporting accountability. In doing so, it reconciles individual and institutional privacy with the collective need for systemic stability and transparency. Analogously, one might think of Dusk as constructing a secure financial vault in a public marketplace: participants can engage in trade, settlement, and contract execution with confidence that their valuables are shielded from prying eyes, while the structure remains inspectable and verifiable to those with the appropriate authority.
From a practical perspective, Dusk’s privacy-first design also enhances interoperability with existing financial systems. Many traditional institutions are wary of blockchain integration because standard public networks do not align with legacy compliance processes. By contrast, Dusk’s architecture allows for the seamless incorporation of existing KYC and AML procedures without undermining the confidentiality of transactions. Financial institutions can maintain internal compliance workflows while leveraging the efficiencies, automation, and settlement speed of blockchain technology. This makes Dusk not only a technically sophisticated network but also a pragmatically viable one, capable of bridging the gap between cutting-edge digital finance and entrenched regulatory frameworks.
Moreover, the network’s potential extends to decentralized finance, an area that has historically emphasized openness and permissionless participation over privacy. While DeFi offers significant innovation, the exposure of transaction flows and positions can deter institutional participation. Dusk’s confidential smart contracts and modular privacy protocols offer a path for institutions to participate in DeFi ecosystems without compromising competitive or client-sensitive information. In essence, Dusk does not merely replicate DeFi functionality within a privacy shield; it expands the addressable market by creating an environment where large-scale, compliant financial actors can engage with decentralized protocols in a secure, auditable manner. This bridging of worlds has profound implications for the growth of regulated digital finance.
In assessing Dusk’s broader implications, it becomes evident that the network is part of a larger evolution in how blockchain technology interfaces with society’s economic infrastructure. Rather than pursuing maximum decentralization at the expense of practicality, Dusk emphasizes a measured approach where technical innovation harmonizes with legal, social, and operational realities. The network’s architecture reflects a nuanced understanding that technology alone cannot drive adoption; trust, compliance, and usability are equally critical. By foregrounding privacy, Dusk acknowledges the realities of human and institutional behavior: actors are more likely to embrace transformative technology when it respects their operational constraints and safeguards their data.
Looking ahead, the significance of Dusk may be measured less by raw adoption metrics and more by its ability to redefine expectations for privacy and compliance in blockchain finance. As regulators worldwide continue to scrutinize digital assets, networks that fail to embed accountability alongside confidentiality may face significant friction. Dusk’s model suggests a path forward in which financial innovation is not stifled by regulation but enabled by it, where privacy is not a luxury but a necessity, and where institutional engagement can coexist with decentralized protocols. By resolving the longstanding tension between transparency and privacy, Dusk sets a new benchmark for what financial blockchains can achieve, bridging the gap between visionary technology and the practical demands of global finance.
Ultimately, Dusk represents more than a technical achievement; it embodies a conceptual shift in the blockchain landscape. It challenges the simplistic dichotomy between transparency and privacy, demonstrating that careful design can deliver both. It underscores the idea that for blockchain to transition from experimental technology to core financial infrastructure, it must engage thoughtfully with the complex realities of regulation, risk, and institutional behavior. In doing so, Dusk not only provides a viable platform for private, compliant financial transactions but also offers a compelling vision for the future of decentralized finance: one where innovation, accountability, and privacy are not in conflict but operate in concert to create a more secure, efficient, and trustworthy financial ecosystem. As the world moves toward increasingly digital and tokenized financial systems, the lessons embodied in Dusk’s design may prove foundational, guiding how blockchains are conceived, regulated, and utilized in the decades to come.

@Dusk $DUSK #Dusk

In the modern digital landscape, the tension between connectivity and privacy has never been more pronounced. Every click, every transaction, and every file we store online generates data that is meticulously tracked, stored, and often monetized by centralized entities. From cloud storage providers to social media platforms, the assumption that convenience outweighs privacy has dominated user behavior. Yet, as recent scandals surrounding data breaches and surveillance have shown, this trade-off comes at a tangible cost. Enter decentralized finance and blockchain technology, systems designed to redistribute power from centralized gatekeepers back to the individual. Within this rapidly evolving ecosystem, the Walrus protocol emerges as a compelling solution—a platform that does not merely promise decentralization in abstract terms but actively operationalizes privacy-preserving storage and transactions for a new era of digital interaction.
At its core, the Walrus protocol addresses two fundamental inefficiencies plaguing the digital economy: the lack of privacy in financial and data transactions, and the centralized control of information storage. Traditional financial systems rely on intermediaries, whether banks, payment processors, or custodial services, to validate and facilitate transactions. While these intermediaries offer familiarity and security through regulation, they inherently impose friction, cost, and exposure of sensitive personal data. Simultaneously, conventional cloud storage solutions—though technically convenient—introduce a centralized vulnerability. The concentration of massive volumes of personal and enterprise data in the hands of a few cloud providers exposes users to systemic risks, ranging from data breaches to arbitrary censorship.
Walrus directly confronts these problems through a dual approach: by enabling privacy-first financial interactions and by providing decentralized, censorship-resistant data storage. Its native token, WAL, is the linchpin of the ecosystem, facilitating transaction processing, governance, and staking within the protocol. Yet, understanding the significance of Walrus requires appreciating the broader philosophical and technological currents it rides. Blockchain-based solutions like Walrus do not simply digitize existing services—they reimagine the infrastructure of trust. Instead of relying on a central authority to verify transactions or manage data, Walrus distributes these responsibilities across a decentralized network, where participants collectively maintain security and integrity.
The functional architecture of Walrus exemplifies this principle. Built on the Sui blockchain, the protocol leverages an innovative combination of erasure coding and blob storage to handle large files. Erasure coding, a method traditionally used in distributed computing and telecommunications, divides data into fragments that are encoded with redundant information. These fragments are then distributed across multiple nodes within the network. This design ensures that even if some nodes fail or act maliciously, the data remains recoverable and intact. The use of blob storage further optimizes the system, allowing the protocol to efficiently manage large-scale files without sacrificing speed or accessibility. For users, this translates into a platform that is both resilient and scalable, capable of supporting applications ranging from individual file storage to enterprise-level decentralized services.
The implications of this infrastructure are profound. Unlike conventional cloud solutions that are vulnerable to centralized attacks or censorship, Walrus distributes risk across a broad network of independent nodes. Each participant in the network contributes to maintaining the integrity of stored data, incentivized through the WAL token. This creates a self-reinforcing ecosystem: as more users participate, the network becomes more resilient, more private, and more cost-effective. Moreover, because the protocol is blockchain-based, every transaction—whether financial or data-related—is recorded immutably, offering verifiable auditability without sacrificing user anonymity. In an age where both transparency and privacy are increasingly valued, this represents a nuanced and highly practical solution.
Beyond technical architecture, Walrus redefines user interaction with decentralized applications (dApps) and governance. Unlike traditional systems where decision-making is top-down, the protocol empowers token holders to participate directly in the governance of the ecosystem. WAL tokens serve not only as a medium of transaction but as a vehicle for voting on key protocol decisions, upgrades, and network policies. This democratization ensures that the evolution of the protocol aligns with the collective interest of its stakeholders, rather than the priorities of a centralized management body. Staking activities further integrate users into the network, allowing them to contribute computational resources or liquidity while earning rewards, effectively converting passive participants into active guardians of the system.
The privacy aspect of Walrus is equally compelling. In a world increasingly defined by data commodification, the ability to transact and store information securely and anonymously is no longer a luxury—it is a necessity. By design, Walrus abstracts sensitive details from the public ledger, enabling private transactions without compromising verifiability. This is achieved through cryptographic techniques that obscure transaction metadata while preserving the integrity and auditability of the underlying process. For individuals, this protects personal financial information; for enterprises, it enables secure collaboration without exposing strategic data to competitors.
To appreciate the full potential of Walrus, one must also consider its positioning within the broader DeFi landscape. While many platforms focus narrowly on financial instruments—trading, lending, or yield farming—Walrus bridges finance and data management, creating a holistic ecosystem. This convergence is significant. Digital assets increasingly require not just transactional capability but secure storage, privacy, and interoperability. By integrating data storage with financial transactions, Walrus provides an infrastructure that anticipates future needs of decentralized economies. Enterprises seeking to tokenize assets, developers building privacy-centric dApps, and individuals demanding control over their data all find a place within this ecosystem.
Real-world analogies help illuminate why this approach matters. Consider the difference between storing a personal document in a filing cabinet at home versus entrusting it to a centralized office that handles documents for thousands of clients. The former is under your complete control, but physical vulnerabilities exist—fire, theft, or damage. The latter offers convenience and perceived security, yet your control is limited, and systemic risks are magnified. Walrus combines the advantages of both: decentralization offers resilience against systemic failure, while cryptographic security ensures individual control and privacy. Unlike conventional systems where risk is concentrated, Walrus disperses it, creating a network that is both robust and user-aligned.
Moreover, the protocol’s integration with the Sui blockchain enhances its scalability and performance. Sui’s high-throughput, low-latency infrastructure allows Walrus to process complex interactions without the bottlenecks common to older blockchain networks. This technical choice reflects a deliberate strategy: privacy and decentralization must not come at the expense of usability. A platform can offer impenetrable security, but if transaction speed or file accessibility suffers, adoption will stall. By leveraging Sui, Walrus ensures that privacy, decentralization, and performance coexist harmoniously, lowering barriers for both developers and end-users.
From a broader economic perspective, WAL’s role extends beyond mere utility. As an incentivization mechanism, it aligns network participants’ interests with the health of the ecosystem. Token holders benefit when the network grows, data storage becomes more efficient, and transaction volume increases. This alignment mitigates the classic principal-agent problem seen in centralized systems, where intermediaries often act in their own interest rather than that of users. In this way, WAL is not simply a transactional token—it is a governance instrument, a staking mechanism, and a symbolic representation of user trust and engagement.
The social and ethical dimensions of Walrus are equally compelling. In a digital era dominated by surveillance capitalism, the ability to engage with technology without surrendering fundamental privacy is a radical proposition. Walrus empowers individuals and organizations to reclaim agency over their digital footprint. The protocol demonstrates that privacy and efficiency are not mutually exclusive, and that decentralized infrastructures can deliver practical solutions to some of the most persistent challenges in the digital economy. It represents a shift from a passive, consumer-centric model of technology to an active, participant-driven ecosystem, where every user contributes to the network’s resilience, security, and evolution.
Looking forward, the potential trajectories for Walrus are extensive. As regulatory scrutiny of data privacy intensifies globally, platforms offering verifiable, privacy-respecting storage and transactions may gain preferential adoption. The convergence of finance and data management also positions Walrus to play a pivotal role in emerging fields such as tokenized asset markets, decentralized identity verification, and privacy-centric enterprise solutions. Its architecture, emphasizing redundancy, decentralization, and cryptographic security, provides a blueprint for next-generation digital infrastructure. By solving the dual problem of financial and data privacy, Walrus lays the groundwork for a future where individuals and organizations can transact, store, and collaborate without unnecessary intermediaries or exposure.
Ultimately, Walrus exemplifies the promise of decentralized technology: a system designed to serve its users rather than its gatekeepers, a network where privacy, security, and transparency coexist harmoniously, and an ecosystem that scales with both technical innovation and collective participation. It is a reminder that the future of digital interaction is not only about efficiency or profitability but about rebalancing power and trust in an increasingly interconnected world. As we navigate the challenges of data privacy, financial autonomy, and decentralized governance, Walrus offers a model of what is possible—a platform where privacy is not sacrificed for convenience, where participation is not constrained by hierarchy, and where the digital economy can finally reflect the values of those who inhabit it.
By integrating advanced blockchain protocols, innovative storage solutions, and privacy-centric design, Walrus does more than provide a new financial token; it reshapes the framework of digital interaction itself. Its impact lies not just in technology but in philosophy: a commitment to decentralization, resilience, and individual empowerment. For users seeking an alternative to centralized systems and for developers envisioning applications that respect privacy without compromise, Walrus offers both a practical and aspirational path forward. In a landscape often dominated by centralized convenience and opaque processes, Walrus stands as a testament to what decentralized innovation can achiev
a secure, private, and equitable digital future.

@Walrus 🦭/acc $WAL #walrus

У наслідки кожного фінансового кризи, незалежно від того, що спричинило його — непрозорі деривативи, необмежене кредитування чи системна неузгодженість між інноваціями та контролем, постійно виникає одне запитання знову зі зростаючою нагальністю: як ми можемо створити системи, які були б ефективними та надійними? Піднесення технології блокчейн за минулий десятиліття обіцяло відповідь, засновану на прозорості, програмованості та відсутності посередників. Та, коли децентралізоване фінансування дозріло, воно виявило парадокс у своєму ядрі. Радикальна прозорість, раніше відзначена як універсальна вигода, виявилася непридатною для багатьох реальних фінансових застосувань, де конфіденційність, дотримання регулювання та вибіркове розкриття не є обов’язковими, а фундаментальними. Саме в цьому нерозв’язаному протиріччі між відкритістю та приватністю Dusk, заснована в 2018 році, позиціонує себе не як гучний руйнівник, а як обдуманий архітектор фінансової інфраструктури, призначеного для більш тонкої реальності.

Сучасне цифрове життя ґрунтується на невидимій основі зберігання інформації. Кожне повідомлення, яке надсилається, додаток, який розгортається, фінансова операція, яка виконується, або ідентифікація, яка підтверджується, залежать від того, щоб дані були доступними в потрібний момент і у потрібній формі. Але більшість користувачів рідко задають собі питання, де саме зберігаються ці дані чи хто остаточно ними керує. Централізовані хмарні провайдери стали стандартними зберігачами цифрової епохи, пропонуючи зручність і масштабність за ціну непрозорості, залежності та уразливості. Під час зростання занепокоєння щодо нагляду, цензури, порушень даних та залежності від платформи, виникає глибше питання: чи можна перебудувати інфраструктуру зберігання даних, щоб вона відображала принципи децентралізації, які блокчейни обіцяли з самого початку. Walrus та його нативний токен WAL вступають у цю дискусію не як спекулятивний експеримент, а як спроба переосмислити, як зберігання даних, приватність та економічні стимули перетинаються в децентралізованому майбутньому

Контекст галузі та проблема, що вирішується
Швидке поширення додатків, заснованих на блокчейні, створило зростаючу потребу у рішеннях для зберігання даних, які відповідають децентралізації, опору цензурі та суверенітету користувача. Хоча блокчейни чудово підтримують цілісність транзакцій та консенсус, вони з істотною неефективністю для зберігання великих обсягів даних. Тому більшість децентралізованих додатків залежать від традиційних хмарних провайдерів для зберігання даних, що призводить до появи централізованих точок відмови, залежності від довіри та підлягання регулюванню. Ця протиріччя ослаблює основну пропозицію децентралізованих систем і обмежує їх використання в умовах, пов’язаних із приватністю або обмеженнями інституційного середовища.